|
《透视中国的航母计划》
作者：DS卡卡螺丝
去年翻译的一篇文章
该文章是美国相当有影响力的著名军事防务网站--环球防务（globalsecurity）的一篇关于中国航母计划的文章，我翻译了一下，翻译中没有非常严格的按照原文去译，加了少许解释之处，使文章读起来较为通顺和详实。
该网站是美国较权威的军事防务网之一。
原文如下：
Aircraft Carrier Project
At present China has very little in the way of credible power-projection capabilities, though China can already project military forces superior to those that South-east Asian countries could deploy to the South China Sea. The PLA Navy has studied the acquisition of an aircraft carrier since the mid-1980s, and there are persistant reports that China has plans to launch a 40,000 ton class aircraft carrier by 2010, though these reports remain unsubstantiated and appear to based on woefully inadequate analysis and information.
While the navy has lobbied for a carrier for many years, their proposals have been overruled by the Central Military Commission. This decision may have been motivated by a desire not to be seen to be adding a major new capability to China's maritime forces, with consequent adverse regional reaction. From a purely military perspective, a Chinese aircraft carrier would be expensive to operate, and carrier would be vulnerable to attack by aircraft, fast surface vessels and submarines. An aircraft carrier could enhance China's ability to lay claim to the islands and coral atolls of the South China Sea, an area potentially rich in oil and other resources. And an aircraft carrier would make a potent political and diplomatic statement, potentially creating a major change in the strategic balance in East Asia. In 1992, the Chinese authorities reportedly authorized a program for studying the development of an aircraft carrier. Chinese leaders at various levels have done extensive feasibility studies on this project since then. In 1993, senior leaders of the Chinese Navy announced that China would start developing an aircraft carrier. In January 1993, Chinese political leaders decided to step up their carrier program and allocated several billion dollars for the project. At that time, China had planned to finish the first aircraft carrier by 2000, but the plan was delayed repeatedly due to lack of carrier technology. Eventually it was decided to advance the carrier program in two stages.
Phase 1 - Study Foreign Technology
During the first stage, China has bought several scrapped carriers from overseas in order to study the parts.
In 1985 China purchased the 17,000-ton former Royal Australian Navy aircraft carrier, HMAS Melbourne as scrap, and she was finally broken up in Dalian, China. According to some reports stated that as late as 1994 the ship was still in existence at Guangzhou, China, being studied by Chinese naval architects. The hulk had been stripped of all useful equipment prior to sale, but Australian Navy sources reportedly said that the Chinese were particularly interested in the ship's steam catapult - even requesting the operating manuals. It is said that a navy unit has built a simulated flying deck at its airport in northern China. The design of the Melbourne was taken for reference. Reportedly, the airborne troops of the navy have used the deck to carry out numerous flying tests. The improved deck adopted the optical landing system designed and developed by China.
In 1992 China was reported to have opened discussions with Ukraine to purchase of the Varyag, a 67,500-ton Kiev-class attack aircraft carrier about two-thirds complete and docked at the Black Sea shipyard of Nikolayev. In mid-1992 China's Science Academy sent 15 naval specialists to Ukraine for two months to conduct a feasibility study on the matter. After hearing their report, the Central Military Commission decided to go ahead with the plan and buy a carrier, aircraft and electronic equipment by 1994. These negotiations were ultimately fruitless, after Japan and the United States put pressure on Ukraine to pull out of the deal. In 1993 China began negotiations with Russia for the purchase of two 40,000-ton carriers, though again with no results.
In 1995 a Spanish firm, Empresa Nacional Bazan, is reported to have offered to build China two conventional takeoff-and-landing (CTOL) vessel, with the first to be delivered within five years and the second roughly three years later. While China is reported to have expressed an interest, a deal was not reached.
In late 1995, France is reported to have offerred the Clemenceau for free, provided that China bought radar and communications systems from French companies. Nothing came of the offer.
In 1998 the Minsk was purchased from a South Korean shipbreaking company by the Minsk Aircraft Carrier Industry Company, a Chinese firm. The South Korean firm stripped the vessel of its armaments, engines, and communications suite and required that the vessel would not be used for military purposes. The Chinese company had the ship towed to Guangdong Province, where it planned to convert the ship into a floating museum. In September 2000 the ship was moved to Shenzhen to become part of a theme park called Minsk World.
In early 1998 a Macau-based company, Chin Lot Tourist and Amusement Agency bought the Varyag for $20 million dollars, with the announced intent of turning it into a floating amusement park and gambling casino in Macau. The contract with Ukraine stipulated that the buyer can't use the carrier for military purposes, and that any equipment that could be used to build other warships were removed from the craft. In 1999 a respected Hong Kong periodical reported that British and French companies had made Beijing an offer to equip the Varyag with many of the systems needed to make it operational.
In March 2002, following a significant delay by Turkish authorities who denied the carrier passage through the Bosporus Strait, the Varyag arrived in Dalian.
Chong Lot is a subsidary a Hong Kong firm called Chinluck (Holding). Chong Lot was also connected to another Hong Kong company, Goldspot Investments Ltd. All three firms had connections with former People's Liberation Army officials. Directors of Chinluck were reported to have ties to the Chinese Navy, though Chinluck denied any People's Liberation Army involvement in the sale of the Varyag. Three of the five directors of Chinluck Holding, the parent company of Chong Lot, are Chinese nationals from Shandong, which happens to be the home of the Chinese navy's North sea fleet. Chinluck (Holding) Co. Ltd. does not have any public presence, and Chong Lot carried a non-existent address in Macau.
In 2003 Sky Cruise International Company Limited sought the winding up of Chinluck (Holdings) Company Limited. The petition was filed on August 16, 2003, and was heard before the High Court of Hong Kong on November 12, 2003 at 9:30 in the morning. Sky Cruise holds its registered office at 13th Floor, Bel Trade Commercial Building, 1-3 Burrows Street, Wanchai, Hong Kong.
On 04 April 2003 Zhong Nan Group (Hong Kong) Investments Ltd filed suit against Chinluck (Holdings) Co Ltd to recover USD1,928,200.
But the the Chinluck Group remained active. On 10 March 2005 Xinhuanet quoted Cheng Zhen Shu, who is chairman of the Chinluck Group Limited in Hong Kong, as saying "The adoption of the anti-secession law and mighty military strengthen will deter 'Taiwan independence' elements from pursuingillegal activities."
The carrier is surrounded with heavy security in Dalian, which bars civilian access; police flank the shipyard entrance. This fueled speculation that the Varyag is being used by the Chinese military. It is not evident that China could actually turn Varyag into an active military warship, since he is badly deteriorated. Presently 70 percent complete, Varyag displaces about 33,600 tons [versus the 67,000-ton design displacement]. Varyag no longer has the nuclear reactors that were installed by the Ukrainian state-run Generating Systems of Crimea. Electronics were either never fitted or removed before he was sold.
In May 2000 the Tianma Shipbreaking Company in Tianjin purchased the Kiev from Russia. While the initial contract required that the ship be scrapped, the contract was renogatiated so that the Kiev would become a tourist attraction at the Beiyang Recreation Harbor.
Phase 2 - New Construction
China appears to have chosen to build a Chinese aircraft carrier, rather than purchasing one off-the-shelf. Although China’s long-term goal is to acquire one or more aircraft carriers and it has an active program to develop a design, it remains unclear whether Beijing has reached a firm decision on the kind of carrier it will have, given budget constraints and naval funding priorities.
The PLA Navy will need to overcome several large obstacles before it can field an operational aircraft carrier and associated supporting ships. First, the PLA Navy does not have any carrier-capable aircraft. Second, although substantially improved in these areas, it still needs more and better antisubmarine and antiaircraft capabilities to protect a carrier and its supporting vessels. Finally, to have adequate power projection capabilities from the use of a carrier, it is preferable to have more than one carrier so that a carrier is assuming the mission at sea at all times. Thus, many experts have concluded that an operational aircraft carrier does not appear to be in China's near future, even though China is funding research and development and training officers in aircraft carrier operations.
According to one Russian report, China plans to build an aircraft carrier with a displacement of between 40,000 to 60,000 tons. The feasibility study and draft design of China's aircraft carrier started in 1992. According to Russian sources, China began work on its own carrier in 1999 at Shanghai Shipyard. This carrier, code named "9985 plan" or "Project 9935," would have a 48,000 ton displacement, capable of carrying 30-40 fighter jets, most of which would be multi-functional SU-30MKK jets bought from Russia. The first carrier of purely Chinese design, the ship could have a built-in vertical anti-air and anti-ship missile launching system. China had reportedly started work on naval bases and harbors in Shanghai, Zanjiang and Dalian to improve docking facilities for this carrier.
The plan for China's first light and conventional powered aircraft carrier was estimated to cost around 4.8 billion yuan, with authorities reportedly having already allocated one billion yuan for the first phase of the project. The aircraft carrier was expected to be launched in 2003 and to officially go into service in around 2005. From then on, it was estimated that China will be able to build a new aircraft carrier at an interval of every three years. If started in 1999, this carrier was expected to be completed by 2006. As of mid-2004 there were no credible reports of the start of construction of such a ship.
In early September 2003 the Harbin Technical University held its 50th anniversary celebration. Founded soon after the Chinese Communist revolution, Harbin has been deeply involved in PLA military technical research. As part of this celebration Harbin students produced a 1:100 scale model of a prospective aircraft carrier. Derived from the KUZNETSOV design, novel features include the placement of anti-ship missiles, and the use of a new anti-aircraft missile similar to that on the new No. 170 air defense destroyer. Such a ship could eventually carry an air wing comprised either of navalized Shenyang J-11 or Chengdu J-10 fighters, plus Kamov helicopters for ASW or AEW missions.
In January 2004 it was reported that China would build several helicopter carriers, having decided to delay plans to build aircraft carriers. China was said to ask a European country to build the helicopter carriers and a contract was said to be expected to be signed in the near future. An un-named European country was said to have provided China with the design and specifications of the carrier it would build for the Chinese navy. The helicopter carriers would act as a stopgap for aircraft carriers that the Chinese navy wanted to build, despite lacking the capability to do so.
In June 2005 it was reported that China had completed the final design for an aircraft carrier, and wouldsecretly start construction in early August 2005 at Jiang-nan Shipyard, Zhang-xing Island near Shanghai. The 29 June 2005 issue of Hong Kong Economic Daily (Jing-ji-ri-bao,) reported that the project would cost 3 billion yuan (390 million dollars), about 3% of China's military budget. The ship was described as having a top speed of 30 knots, and a maximal displacement of 78,000 ton. It was said to be equipped with Russian engines and radars. It would carry 54 fighter planes and 13 anti-submarine helicopters, including the latest Russian fighters (Su-33). It was expected to enter service by the year 2008. Zhang Guang-qin, vice minister of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, denied the rumor that a carrier was under construction.
While these reports persist, they appear to be based on rumor and speculation, which despite repeated efforts, have gone unverified. For instance, the multiple aircraft carriers that China is reported to be building, are all said to be under construction at the same time at a shipyard in Shanghai, which is also enclosed, to prevent observation. Though efforts to identify a building or structure of this size have not yielded any results.
China has apparently decided to postpone commissioning of its first aircraft carrier until no earlier than 2010.
The formation of an experimental fleet centered on such a carrier would take another three to four years. Based on the experience of other countries, it seems that that China would start building 10,000 ton cruisers to be convoy ships. It is also possible that China will purchase such cruisers directly from overseas, most likely the "Ukraine," a missile cruiser from Ukraine, which is now 93% completed, and then build China's own similar cruisers modeled on the "Ukraine."
Helicopters from a carrier could provide support to potential amphibious operations; fixed-wing aircraft operating from a carrier could provide greater air defense over a potential beachhead. If China were to build or purchase an aircraft carrier, such an asset would enable it to provide increased air defense and support for amphibious operations. The proposed Chinese aircraft carrier could be a vessel of 40,000-50,000 tons of displacement, one similar to the French "De Gaulle-Class" nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. Given the complexities of developing a new naval reactor considerably larger than the type used on PRC nuclear submarines and that a very long range is not required, conventional steam boilers would be adequate for a Chinese aircraft carrier. Russian designed steam turbines could give the carrier a top speed of 30 knots. The vessels might carry 24 combat aircraft, such as the Sukhoi-30MKK launched by a ski-jump. Below deck might be two missile launchers housing 24 missiles, either the Russian SSN-22 Sunburn or the more advanced Yakhont. China is also reported to be working on a land-attack cruise missile to be mounted on the vessel. China would probably build a carrier at the Shanghai Jiangnan Shipyard.
—————————————————————————————————————
译文在这里：
《透视中国的航母计划》
虽然有关于中国军队的确切的军事力量和投射能力的消息非常少, 但是可以确定的是：中国已经开始计划快速增长其军队的实力，能有效维护对东南亚地区和南中国海地区本国的利益。PLA海军自从 80 年代中期以后，即着手航母计划，学习论证有关于航母的技术和经验，以及运用一切手段获得航母相关的技术信息； 并且，在很长的一段时间内都有报告指出中国有计划 2010 之前建成一个 40,000 吨班级航空母舰, 虽然这些报告可信度有待商榷，而且，分析和数据方面也不是很权威和严谨。
在PLA海军中，以刘华清为代表的航母派的游说争取活动已经有多年之久，不过他们的提议曾经被中央以军事资金预算紧张为理由而遭到否决。 不过，这个决定可能已经被建设中国强大海军的愿望和统一台湾的动机而被改变。当然，周遍国家见到拥有新能力的航母加入中国的海军列队,藉由此必然会产生些许不安的反应吧。 从一种纯军事的角度来看，一个中国航母战斗群的作战运用，是需要强大的舰载战斗机、快速的水面舰队和潜水艇的协同作战的；一个航母战斗群也能提高中国对有关岛屿以及南中国海的珊瑚环礁群的控制能力,因为这块区域是很可能富有石油和其他的资源的。 而且，一个航母战斗群拥有的展示政治上以及外交上的实力的作用也是不可忽视的,比如在东亚地区打破区域策略平衡的方面就会发挥主要作用。 在 1992 年, 有消息称：中国主管当局已经授权发展航空母舰项目，在此之前，中国领导部门针对各种不同的国际环境提出了多种航母的作战使用的设想，且军队的高层也对这些设想进行了的广泛的可行性研究。1993年，中国海军的资深领袖宣布中国会开始发展一个航空母舰。 在 1993年一月, 中国的领袖决定加速他们的航母计划，并且为该计划调拨了数十亿元。 当时，中国是计划在2000年之前完成建造中国的第一艘航空母舰的，但是由于航空母舰建造方面遇到了技术难题，计划被延迟了。 最后，决定将进度提到航母计划的分为二个阶段实施。
阶段1- 学习外国的航母技术
在第一个阶段的时候，中国已经开始注意从国外购入一些退役或者报废的航母，从中学习航母有关部份的知识。
1985年中国购买了17,000吨级的澳大利亚皇家海军的尊严级航母“墨尔本”（Melbourne）号进行研究,根据当初的购买协议，它的最后结局是在大连船厂被拆卸成废铁。但是根据某些报告，直到 1994，该航母仍然寂静的停泊在广州，中国方面故意这么做的目的显然是让中国的海军船舶工程师能够有充分的时间学习到其的该航母的工程结构和框架技术。这艘“废船”虽然在卖给中国以前，所有有用的仪器已经被拆卸，但是从来源于澳大利亚海军的消息说：中国人似乎对该舰的蒸气弹射器很感兴趣，并请求澳大利亚方面提供相关维护的操作手册和技术资料。 另外有消息表明，一个海军装备研究单位已经在中国北方的某个海航机场建造了模拟航母的飞行甲板，“墨尔本”号的甲板就被作为设计的参考。 而且根据传说，海军的航空兵部队已经用该航母飞行甲板进行了多次起降测试。这条甲板所采用的舰载机光学着陆系统的技术很快被中国海军工程技术专家学透，并得到改良和国产化。
在1992年就有新闻报道乌克兰公开讨论了中国是作为其前苏联建造的“瓦格良”（Varyag）号航母购买人的消息, 这艘停靠在黑海尼古拉耶夫南部造船厂码头的，67,500 吨级的“库兹涅佐夫”级的攻击型航母，已经完成了三分之二以上的工程量。在1992中期中国科学研究机构曾经派送15名海军技术专家到乌克兰进行了为期二个月的该航母的可行性研究。在听完他们的报告之后，中国的军事决策部门决定拨款签署购买该航母、舰载飞机和电子系统等的一揽子协议，以推动1994年的那个航母发展计划。但是在日本和美国压力下，最后迫使乌克兰取消了该次谈判。 在1993 年中国官员向俄国表示中国有兴趣采购俄罗斯海军排水量为40000吨的基辅级航母中的其中一艘。这些谈判仍然无果而终。
1995年，简氏防务集团就报道，西班牙的巴赞（Bazan）造船公司已经向中国提供了二种航母方案，23000吨级的SAC200型轻型航母或另一种稍大的25000吨级的SAC-220方案(CTOL) ,这两种航母的造价为3.5 -4亿美元。按SAC-220方案设计的航母可携带21架采用常规起降方式的战斗机(如米格-29K等)， 并且保证五年内完工交船。中国方面已经表现了对其的兴趣，也支付了为数不诽的咨询费用，不过该交易最终为能达成。似乎中国方面看来更愿意获得该航母的设计图纸而不愿采购这种航母。
在1995的下半年，法国曾向中国建议免费提供其排水量为3.27万吨的“克莱蒙梭”（Clemenceau）号航母，但是作为交换条件，法国希望中国将利润丰厚的该舰雷达和通信系统的升级改装项目授予法国企业，可能是由于价格和舰体的问题，这一建议也未产生任何结果。
1995年，“明斯克”（Minsk）号和“诺沃罗西斯克”号被出售给韩国拆船厂进行拆卸。然而，1998年6月“明斯克”号被一家名为“明斯克航母工业公司”的中国企业以500万美元的价格购买。但在这项交易最终达成之前，韩国拆船厂已拆卸了该航母的武器装备、发动机和通信系统，并要求中国方面保证该舰不得用于军事目的。公司将其“明斯克”号用拖船拖至广东省，并在当地耗资400万美元将其改造为为一个漂浮的军事博物馆或者主题公园。在经过18个月的改造后，2000年九月，该舰被拖到深圳，成为一个被称为“明斯克世界“的主题公园的主要部份。
而早在1998年，一家澳门注册的创律旅游和娱乐公司“Chinluck (Holding)”就以二千万美圆的代价购买了“瓦格良”号航母，并且对外宣称其意图是将它变为一个漂动的澳门游乐园性质的大型赌场。和乌克兰的购买契约中也规定了买主不能将其用作军事目的限制条款,而且将可能被用做军事目的的仪器和武器拆除移走。 在1999年一份颇具权威的的香港期刊报道了英国和法国的公司，正在和北京沟通有关于重新改造“瓦格良”号航母所需的系统装备的问题，并且它们表示愿意提供“瓦格良”号所需的多种系统装备。
2002 年三月，在经过漫长的与土耳其主管当局的协商谈判后，这个曾经以安全为由被拒绝通过博斯普鲁斯海峡达15个月的“瓦格良”号终于抵达大连港。
然而有调查表明，涉及购买“瓦良格”号的创律公司与中国关系密切，该公司的五个董事中三人以前都曾是解放军海军军官。虽然创律公司一在否认了任何PLA与 “瓦格良”号航母购买有关的消息。1999年8月，香港 Goldspot投资公司成为创律的最大股东，而Goldspot的一位负责人的一处住址就在北京北海舰队的大院内。且创律公司在此之前并没有在任何的其他商业活动记录, 并且他们在澳门公司的地址也是一个非常驻性的。
作为创律公司主公司之一的巡航者公司，它的破产申请已于2003 年八月十六日早晨9:30分交于香港高等法院，在2003 年十一月十二日的香港高等法院宣布判决结果以前，位于1-3街区的贝尔贸易商业大厦的13楼的巡航者公司的香港办公室的负责人王财（音译）已经人去楼空了。
有趣的是，2003年四月四日一家名为中南（ZhongNan）香港上市投资公司就了起诉了创律公司 并要求赔偿1,928,200USD（美圆）
但是，这些似乎根本不影响创律公司工作的进度。在2005年三月十日新华网原引用创律公司的主席的话，中国的《反国家分裂法》和军队实力足以应对任何国家分裂势力和任何支持'台独'势力。
这艘“瓦格良”号航母在大连港被严密的安全措施重重包围起来, 一般人是不让靠近的，警卫把手着造船所入口，四周也多有秘密警察巡视。 这些消息都激发着人们对于中国军队即将改装“瓦格良”号航母猜想的热情。但是，从技术角度来判断，显然中国不可能那么轻易的将“瓦格良”号改造成一艘达到现役标准的军舰,因为它的状况已经严重地被恶化。它只完成了建造度70%的工程量, 大约可以推算出只有 33,600 吨吧（相对于67,000-吨设计换算而来）. 且乌克兰国营的Crimea公司当初并没有为“瓦格良”安装核反应堆、电子仪器和雷达等等，即使是某些部分安装了，也在离开乌克兰以前被拆卸。
在 2000 年五月天马拆船公司在天津购买了来自俄国的“基辅”号航母。 开始的时候契约规定必需将该船拆卸的, 但是后来根据天津市政府的斡旋，“基辅”号最终被保留了下来，通过改装，使“基辅”号能在北洋军事娱乐港变成一个主要游览景点。
阶段2- 自行建造新航母
从各种情报判断，中国似乎已经选择自行建造国产航空母舰的计划, 而不是去购买一个现货产品。 虽然中国的长远的目标是建立一个或多个航母战斗群，且制定了一个相当活跃的发展计划，但是并不能保证北京的决策者们是否能坚定的支持航母和相关计划的发展；在给予预算方面的限制和海军的资金优先都是关乎航母发展速度的前提条件。
在拥有航空母舰和与其配套的支援船之前, PLA的海军将要克服一些较大的障碍。首先，PLA海军没有任何能在航母起降的舰载机，也没有任何使用经验。其次, 虽然近年PLA海军的区域防空能力进步了不少,但是一个航母战斗群仍然需要更多更好的拥有反潜以及防空能力的舰船和其它支援船辅助的。最后,航母必须拥有适当的威慑维持能力,如果拥有两个或者两个以上的航母战斗群是较好的解决方法，以便始终保证一个航母战斗群的战备状态，另外的处于休假或检修。 因此，许多专家已经得出结论：中国方面在不久的将来内很可能会不满足只拥有一个航空母舰战斗群的,这可以从中国正在研究和发展而且教育的飞行员航母舰载班的海军军官的数量来证实。
根据俄罗斯的一项报告, 中国计划用建造一个在40,000 到 60,000 吨之间级别的航空母舰。中国的航空母舰的可行性研究和设计图设计工作已于1992 年开始。依照俄罗斯的消息，中国在 1999 年在上海造船厂就开始了他们在航母建造方面的工作。该航母建造计划，被给予 "9985方案" 或 " 9935方案"的代号,这艘排水量为48000吨的航母，将可装载30—40架战机，基本上是装载购自俄罗斯的Su—30MKK多功能战机。并且这艘中国设计的第一艘航母,本身还配备垂直发射的防空及反舰导弹系统，根据北约分类，该舰艇仅可称之为重型航空巡洋舰。尚不能称为纯粹的航母。未来为了停泊该艘航母，中国日前已开始进行上海、湛江、大连等各海军基地及码头的改造工程。
作为中国的第一艘轻型常规航空母舰，整个系统的造价大约为四十八亿人民币，根据消息当局已经对该计划的的第一阶段分拨了十亿人民币。该航空母舰曾被期望在2003年下水，并于2005正式进入海军服役，且从此之后，中国将以三年一艘的速度建造他们的新型航母。如果是在1999年开始建造,该航母应该能在2006之前完工。从2004中期起，就没有了该舰的建造开始的可信报告。
早在2003年九月哈尔滨工业大学的50周年校庆上的，这个在新中国成立后不久就建立的哈尔滨工业大学与PLA军工技术以及国防科技研究上就有着深切的联系。 当时一位为庆祝校庆的学生而制作的1:100比例的航母模型引得了人们的注意，这艘中国航母的猜想模型，似乎是着眼于俄国的“瓦良格”号而设计。其新的特点包括反船导弹的安置，以及新型防空驱逐舰170号上类似的防空导弹垂直发射系统。 该航母模型可搭载包括沈飞的J-11和成飞的J-10战机,以及卡里莫夫的K-28、国产Z-8和Z-9直升飞机，进行反舰、防空和反潜搜救工作。
2004年一月一日的一份报告中说：中国将建造一些直升飞机航母, 且决定延迟国产中型航母的建造计划。中国将和一个欧洲国家达成协议，后者为其建造一艘直升飞机航母和签定一份技术转让性质的合同。 这个不知名的欧洲国家将提供设计图纸和散装组件，让中国的海军造船厂自行组装建造。 直升机航母是作为航母战斗群的辅助角色，中国海军如果想要建造，似乎并不缺乏相关的制造能力。
在2005年六月的报告中，将于2005年八月在上海附近的长兴岛上的江南造船厂开工建造中国的一艘国产航空母舰,该国产航母终于完成最后的设计并开始建造。 香港的《明报》2005年六月29日报道了整个建造计划大约花费近三十亿人民币 (约合三亿九千万港元)，大约中国军费预算的3%。 该国产航母被描述为最高速度30海里, 满载排水量78,000 吨。其的电子设备将装备俄国引进的雷达和电子战系统，动力装置也会从俄国引进。还报道说该舰将携带54架舰载机和13架反潜直升飞机, 包括最新的的俄国Su-33战斗机。并于2008年以前入役。 Zhang Guang- qin ，国防部副部长装备,否认了正在建造中的航母的谣言。
虽然这些报告的真实性看起来更象谣传，由于无法得到可证实其报道真实性的证据，所以这些报道更多的是以推测为基础的。举例来说，有中国即将建造国产航母的消息，也只能想当然的几乎同时推测将在实力最强的上海造船厂进行建造。因为这些报道在中国都是无法在查证的，即使去造船厂周围观测，也得不出任何确切的结论的。中国显然已经决定它的第一个国产航母计划推迟到2010年以前。
在形成一个航母战斗群的以前，是需要三到四年的实验的，基于其他国家的经验, 中国是需要建造10000吨级的巡洋舰的为航母护航的，有消息表明中国将直接从国外购买，很有可能是完成了93%的乌克兰的“乌克兰”号导弹巡洋舰，在购买以后，中国将在乌克兰号的基础之上，研发建造自己的海军巡洋舰的。
航母的舰载直升飞机可以为水陆两栖操作战提供有效的支持，其舰载的固定翼飞机也可以为两牺登陆部队提供一个有效的防空网。不论是中国决定要自行建造航母还是直接象国外购买一艘航母，都将会为中国的舰队防空和两牺登陆作战提供有利的支援。
中国未来的航母很可能是一艘4000-50000吨级的，类似法国人的“戴高乐”（DeGaulle）核动力中型航母，虽然有可能PLA会选择给他们的新型航母配置“汉”级核动力攻击性潜艇的复杂且笨重的压水反应堆，但是更有可能选择俄罗斯提供的高达30节的蒸汽动力的蒸汽轮机。能携带24架su-30MKK舰载战斗机，并通过滑跃式甲板起飞。在其巨大的甲板下，将会装配24个反舰导弹发射装置，可能是俄罗斯的SS-N-22晒斑，也可能是更先进的Yakhont导弹，也将有装备国产的对地/对舰的巡航导弹。
中国必然会在上海或许江南的造船厂中建造他们的第一艘航母的。
|
